Ventilator.



G. c. BREIDERT.

VLNTILMOR.

APPLIOATION FILED APR.23,1913.

Patented July 21, 1914.

2 SHEETSSHEET lV/TNESSES G. G. BREID BRTQ VENTILATOR.

APPLICATION FILED APR.23.1913.

Patfinted July 21, 1914.

2 $HEETS-SHEET 2.

PVJTNESSES ran GEORGE C, BREIDERT, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNORI J30 AUTO UTILITIES MANU- FACTURING COMPANY, 033 GHICAGU, ILLINOIS, A CORPOBATIQN OF ILLIlTOIS.

VENTIL AT DR.

:Application filed Apri123, 1913.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Fatented July 2i, 1914i.

.Serial No. 763,0.47.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, Gnome C. Bumnnnr, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ventilators, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to ventilators for railway ears, or other moving structures, of the type utilizing the drafts produced by the movement of a car, or the like, for creating a suction which withdraws the foul air from the interior thereof.

The invention has for one of its principal objects to provide certain constructions and arrangements in a device of this sort which will produce a maximum degree of suction through the ventilator, which will eliminate,

under all conditions, the possibility of back drafts and choking of the exhaust passages, and which, regardless of the direction of the" wind, will prevent dust, rain, cin'ders and' other foreign matter from being blown into the car through thc'vcntilator.

The invention operates on the principle of providing the ventilator with an air-ramming face, which face is at substantiallyf right angles to the line of travel of the car,

and further, in providing the ventilator with an exhaust passage communicating centrally with the interior of the car ternih nating at the edges of said air-rannning face i so that the air displaced by the ventilator will pass across these openings creating a vacuum which operates to produce the exhaust; the exhaust passage extending side so as to prevent choking as will be hereinafter more particularly described.

The invention has for further ()l)]GClIS the other iiew'and improved constructions, ar-

that it may be placed at the forward end of straight through the ventilator-from side to the monitor deck or clear-story of the car so as to draw airfrom the car through the' window or transom opening at this place. The principles of the invention might, however, be utilized in the construction of a ventilator intended for a different location on the car and necessitating consequently considerablemodification so far as structural details are concerned.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a fragmentary YEW, in perspective, of the forward. end of a monitor deck car showing the ventilator in position against the transverse forward wall of the clear-story,.Fig. 2, a sectional plan ofthc ventilator and adjacent parts of the car body, and Fig. a sectional plan of a ventha tor on a larger scale, this view being in the nature of a diagram to illustrate the operation of the device under varying con ditions;

Like characters of reference designate like parts in the several figures of the drawings.

Referring to the drawings, 10 designates a railway car of the monitor deck type, and 11 the clearstory thereof provided with the usual end. window 12. sists of a hollow structure composed of a base 13, a top '14:, a front or air-ramming face 15, and an inner wall which latter made up of two nieuiliiers 16 spaced apart so as to form a. central opening 17 through which the ventilator communicates with the interior of the car;- In itllG particular embodiment of the invention shown in these "figures the central opening is divided into two passageways by a deflecting element 18 and the inner wall members 16 are provided with converging flanges 19 which project toward the air-ramming face and are provided with angula-rly disposed lips 20. In the open sides of the ventilator are arranged. I deflecting vanes or louvers, the outer pair of which, designated 21, are preferably longer than the inner pair 22. The air-ramming face 15 is arranged at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the car, that is, at right angles to the line of travel of the car, and may be fiat although preferably it has a slight convexity which is shown somewhat exaggerated in the drawings.

The operation of the ventilator will be best understood by reference to the diagram of Fig. Assuming that the car ismoving in the direction opposite to that indicated by the arrows a, these arrows indicate the pressure exerted by the air against the airramming face '15 of the ventilator and the directiontaken by the air displaced by the ventilator. This air, it willbe seen, is forced over the vertical edges of the air-ramming face and across the discharge openings 23, Y

24, 25. The air ramming face is as wide as the rest of the ventilator so that the air forced over its vertical edges has an un obstructed course across the exhaust openings and creates a suction in the ventilator which draws 'the foul air from the interior of the car through the opening 17. If the situation is not complicated by any wind frorn one side or the other of the car the exhaust air divides and is discharged through theopenings on each side of the .ventilator'as indicated by the arrows b, 0. The greater part of the exhaust air will be drawn out of the openings 23 and a less amount through the openings 24, 25. This is due to the fact that the suction is strongest at the edge of the air-ramming face.

I have found from actual experience under service conditions, substantiated by anemometer tests, that the suction produced by a substantial flat surface arranged at right angles to the direction of travel of the car is very considerably greater than that produced, for example, by an angular or V- shapcd surface. The air-ramming surface 15 of my device is, to all intents and purposes, flat the slightly convex configuration given to this element, for reasons to be hereinafter explained, being not suflicient to decrease the force of the drafts over the dis- I charge openings produced by the displaced air. Another important purpose is subserved by making the air-ramming face straight or nearly so, namely, an exhaust passage is provided into which the foul air is discharged through the opening 17 which affords a straight path for the drafts across the ventilator from side -to side. By this arrangement the choking of the discharge opening 17 is prevented. The foul air discharged from this opening is taken up by drafts which operate unobstructedly through the ventilator. If the currents from the opening 17 are drawn forward enough to impinge against the air-ramming surface 15 they do so at a relatively acute angle with the result that .the flow of air is not materially checked thereby. This is of very considerable importance. Moreover, the provision of the ventilator with a passageway extending straight through the same from side to side is also of great importance when one considers the effects produced by a side wind.

in the diagram the arrows eZ indicate the draft through the device produced by wind blowing from the right hand side of the car. With a ventilator formed with an exhaust passage extending straight through the same from side to side, a side wind can blow straight through the ventilator without obstruction and hence without producing-any back draft or eddy currents around the discharge opening 1? which would tend to choke this opening. As a matter of fact,

while a strong side wind will decrease the suction produced on one side of the exhaust passage it will tend to increase the discharge at the other side of the ventilator. In other words, by making the exhaust passageway straight through the ventilator from side to side and straight across the discharge opening 17 the device combines my novel idea of an abrupt air-ramming face with the old idea of producing the exhaust by drafts blowing through an exhaust passageway. The device will therefore be operative under conditions which make inoperative almost all the ventilators heretofore proposed for par ventilation. When thecar is at a standstill if the wind is blowing from either side of the car or against the'face 15, the

device will be effective to produce a certain amount of ventilation. lVi-th a wind blowing in the direction indicated by the arrows aZ the exhaust will, of course not divide but will find its way through the'left hand side of the ventilator, as indicated by the arrows Z). A wind blowing from the direction indicated by the arrows (Z will not be able to enter the car through the opening 17' because these openings are protected by the flanges 19 as is indicated by the lower arrows designated (Z. If the wind is an oblique wind, as indicated by the arrows c, it is I deflected from the opening 17 by the vanes 21, 22.

The inn'crvanes 22 are made shorter than the outer vanes .21 so as to prevent any I 4"\ choking 1n the space between vanes 22 and the deflecting elements 19. It is important that no part of the ventilator should be wider than the forward portion, that is the air-ramming face. In other words, the outer edges of the vanes 21, 22 and the outer edges .ofthe inner wall 16 should not project appreciably beyond the air-ramming face in order that the back flow of the displaced air over the sides of the ventilator should not be checked or its force diminished by drafts in the opposite direction. The effective part of the exhaust passage lies between a line drawn through the extremities of the lips 20 and the air-ramming face 15, the spaces at the sides of the deflecting elements 19 being relatively dead spaces.

As stated, the air-ramming face 15 is preferably made a trifle convex although for thr purpose of illustration the convexity shown in the drawings has been somewhat exaggerated. The object of this is to make the exhaust passage wider at its middle point,

that is, at the point f opposite the center of the opening 17, than it is on opposite sidesof this point so that the increase in volume of air due to the discharge through the" opening 17 willbe taken. care of and. choking prevented. This feature is not claimed broadly herein, the broad claim therefor be ing put in application Serial We. 847,201 filed June 25th, 1914:, which discloses certain modified constructions originally dis closed in this application and subsequently divided therefrom. i

While I have described my invention in a. certain preferred embodiment, it will be realized that modifications might be made without departure from the invention. The invention shown herein is disclosed in my co-pending application Serial No. 513,595 filed Aug. 21, 1909, and this application is a continuation of said application in respect to said invention.

I claim:

1. A ventilator for cars, and the like composed of a hollow structure having an airraniming face disposed at substantially right angles to the line of travel of the car and provided with a wall arranged inwardly of said face and formed centrally with a dis charge opening communicating with the in terior of the'car, the air-ramming face and Wall constituting a passageway through the ventilator from side to side tl'irough which air can pass lmobstruetedly. said inner wall being formed on opposite sides of the opening therethrough with converging, deflecting flanges projecting toward said air-ramming face and donned with angularly disposed lips.

2. A ventilator for cars, and the like composed of a hollow structure having an airramming face disposed at substantially right angles to the line of travel of the car and provided with a wall arranged inwardly of said face and formed centrally with a discharge opening communicating with the interior of the car, the airran1rning face and Wall. constituting a passageway through the ventilator from side to side through which air can pass unobstructedly, said inner wall being formed on opposite sides of the opening therethrough with converging, deflecting flanges projecting inwardly and toward said air-ramming face and formed with angularly disposed lips, and deflecting vanes arranged in opposite ends of said passageway.

3. A ventilator for railway cars, or the like, consisting of a box-likestructure closed except for an opening connnunicating with the interior of the car, and relatively oppositely disposed exhaust openings, and provided with an air-ramming face transverse to the direction of travel of the car with opposite edges positioned so that the air forced over the same when the car is in motion passes across said exhaust openings, said edges extending out as far, in each case, as any part of the structure capable of obstructing air on that side of the ventilator.

4. A ventilator for railway cars, or the like, consisting of a box-like structure closed except for an opening connnunicating with the interior of the car, and relatively oppositely-disposed exhaust openings and provided with an air-ramming face transverse to the direction of travel of the car with opposite edges positioned so that the air forced over the same whenthe car is inmotion passes across said exhaust openings, said edges extending out asfar, in each case, as any part of the structure capable of obstructing air on that side of the ventilator, and deflecting elements in said exhaust openings which prevent wind from blowing into the car from said ventilator.

A ventilator for railway cars, or the like, consisting of a box-like structure closed except for an opening communicating with the interior of the car, and relatively oppositely disposed exhaust openings, and provided with an air-rann-ning face transverse to the direction of travel of the car with opposite edges positioned so that the air forced over the same when the car is in motion passes across said exhaust openings, said edges extending out as far, in each case, any part of the structure capable of obstructing air on that side oththc ventilator, and louvers spaced apart in said exhaust openings.

(3. A ventilator for railway cars, or the like, consisting of a box-like structure closed except for an opening communicating with the interior of the car, and relatively oppositely disposed. exhaust openings, and provided with an air-ramming face transverse to the direction of travel of the car with opposite edges positioned so that the air forced over the same when the car is in motion passes across said exhaust openings, said edges ext-ending out as far, in each case, as any part of the structure capable of obstructing air on that side of the ventilator,

vand louvers spaced apart in said openings which lie in planes approximately parallel to the plane of the air ramming face.

7. A ventilator for railway cars, or the like, consisting of a boxlike structure closed exgept for an opening communicating with the interior of the car, and relatively oppositely disposed exhaust openings, and provided with an air-ramming face transverse to the direction of travel of the car with opposite edges positioned so that the air forced over the same when the car is in motion passes across said exhaust openings, said edges extending out as far, in each case, as any part of the structure capable of obstructing air on that side ofthe ventilator, and louvers spaced apart in said openings which lie' in planes approximately parallel to the plane of the air-rannning face but having a slight inclination toward the center of said air-ramming face.

8. A ventilator for railway cars, or the like, comprising a box-like structure provided with an in'iperi'orate air-ran'nning face transverse to the direction of travel of the car and formed with an exhaust passageway extending in straight lines through the structure from side to side, communicating centrally with the interior of the car and terminating in exhaust openings at opposite edges of said air-ramming face, and deflecting elements arranged in said passageway to prevent wind from blowing into the car from said ventilator.

9. A'ventilator for railway cars, or the like, comprising a' box-like structure pro vided with an iniperforate air-ramming face transverse to the direction of travel of the car and formed with an exhaust passageway extending in straight lines through the structure from side to side, communicating centrally with the interior, of the car and terminating in exhaust openings at opposite edges of said air-ramming face, said edges extending outwardly as far, in each case, as any part'of the structure capable of obstructing air on that side of the ventilator.

10. A ventilator for railway cars, or the like, comprising a box-like structure provided with an imperforate air-ran1ming face transverse'to the direction of travel of the car and formed with an exhaust passageway extending in straight line's through the structure from side to side, communicating centrally'with the interior of the car and terminating" in exhaust openings at opposite edges of said air-ramming face, and louvers in said exhaust openings which do not project out beyond the corresponding edges of the'air-ramming face.

11. A ventilator for railway cars, or the like, comprising a box-like structure provided with an imperforate air-ramming face transverse to the direction of travel of the car and formed with an exhaust passageway extending in straight lines through the structure from side to side, terminating in exhaust openings at opposite edges of said air-rammingface, said structure being formed also with a passageway extending transversely to.the first named passageway and communicating with the same and with the interior of the car.

12. A ventilator for railway cars, or the like, comprising a box-like structure pro vided with an imperforate air-ramming face transverse to the direction-of travel of the car and formed with an exhaust passageway extending in straight lines through the structure from side to side, terminating in exhaust openings at opposite edges of said air-ramming face, said structure loein 13. A ventilator for railway cars, or the like, comprising a box-like structure formed with an exhaust aass'a 'ewa communicatin with the interior of the car and terminating in an exhaust opening, said structure beiiig piovided with an imperforate air-ramming face transverse to the direction of travel of the car with on'e edge positioned so that the air accumulated thereon when the car is: i in motion is forced to make a substantially right angle turn over said edge and across said exhaust opening, and deflecting means in said exhaust opening adapted to prevent wind from blowing into the car through the ventilator.

14. A ventilator for railway ears, or the like, comprising a box-like structure formed with an exhaust passageway tern'iinating at opposite ends in exhaust openings and communicating centrally with the interior of the car, said structure being provided with an imperforate air-ramming face transv rse to the direction of travel of the ,car having edges positioned so that the air accumulated on said face when the car is in motion is I forced to make substantially. right angle turns over said edges and across said are haust openings.

15. A ventilator for railwav cars. or the like, comprisinga box-like structure formed- 'w1th an exhaust passageway terminating at opposite ends in exhaust openings and communicating centrally with the interior of'the car, said structure being provided with an Witnesses:

L. A. FALKENBERG, H. M. Grnnnsrm.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Paterit No. 1,104,472, granted July 2 1, 1914,

uvon the a Nation of Geo! e C. Breidert, of Chica Q. Illindis for an im rove- I mania in Ventilators, an error appears in the printed specification requiring 001'- rection as follows: Page 3, line 9, for. Se1 ia1 NHL 513,595 rad Sere'al No. 513,959; and this 5 .e proper correution have been made in the files and recordsof this ofiice and am hereby made in said Letters Patent.

Signed and se aled thislst day of September, A. 1)., 19M.

SEAL R. F. WHITEHEAD,

Acting Commissioner 0 f Patents. 

